You can find 1330 poems with not even a single poem exceeding or decreasing 7 words. It is the book translated to most number of languages after Bible. It starts with the poem about God but still speaks about no religion. Here we given Important Study Material for TNPSC General Tamil. Candidates can download More TNPSC Study Material from our website.

Thiruvalluva Malai Pdf Colorthink Pro 3 0 3 Serial Ports For Computers Thumbsplus 10 Keygen Crack Patch Contrabajeando Piazzolla Pdf To Jpg Komunikasi Serial Mikrokontroler 8535 W Otocheck 2 0 Keygen For Hexadecimal Converter After Effects News Ticker Template Monster Torrent.
Architecture And Construction In Steel By Alan Blanc Pdf. Browse By Author: B - Project Gutenberg. Babila, Quintin Paredes y. See: Paredes y Babila, Quintin, 1. For this position you will be mainly responsible for the safety of production, leading a team and developing new processes. Working with a close-knit team, you will become one of the.

Tirukkuralconstitutes one of the most important literary works in Tamil. It is generallyreckoned that Kural was composed during the Sangam Period of literary developmentin Tamil (500-200 BC). Kural continues to be important today, in the twentyfirstcentury, for scholars believe that Kural conveys many many important messagesto the society. International interest in the study of Kural can be tracedto the second half of the Nineteenth century.

This comprehensivereference has been made possible due to the availability of the Multilingualsoftware from IIT Madras. Visitors to these pages should be able to viewthe text in Tamil script on most graphic enabled web browsers. The presentationsare unique and one of a kind on the web.

Introductionto Tirukkural

Tirukkural is a masterpieceof Tamil literature, composed during the last of the three Sangam eras.While it has not been possible to exactly date the work, the referenceto Kural in the great epics Manimekalai and Silappadhikaram give us someidea of when it would have been composed.

About Tiruvalluvar

Not much is knownabout Tiruvalluvar, the author of the work though it is believed that hewas born in Mylaopore (Chennai, Tamilnadu) and belonged to the weaver community.He is also known by several other names e.g., Nayanar, Theivappulavar,Perunavalar. The work itself is often called Tamil Marai, a reference toits identification with the Vedas.

HistoricalInformation

It is believed thatValluvar composed the work on request from his close friend and studentby name Elela Singan. Upon completion, Valluvar took the work to Madurai,as per the prevailing practice of reading out new compositions in a publicforum where critics and scholars would be present.

The conceited scholars atMadurai, insisted on measuring the greatness of the work through a testwhere the manuscript would be placed with other works on a plank kept afloatin the tank of the great temple and it was to be seen if the plank remainedafloat. The significance of this is that the greatness of a work is realizedon the basis of not the weight of its manuscript (written on Palm leaves)but the devine qualities of the work which foced the plank to stay afloat.

It is said that tothe amazement of the critics, the Sangam Plank shrunk itself in size tohold only the Kural manuscript and in the process throwing out the rest.

There is also a beliefthat Valluvar and the great poetess Auvaiyar were siblings and it was Auvaiyarwho went one step ahead of what had been said about Kural earlier. Idaikkadarhad praised Kural with a reference that the greatness of Kural is suchthat Valluvar had packed inside a mustard seed, the essence of all knowledgefrom the broad world spanned by seven seas. Auvaiyar had substituted theterm kadugu (mustard) by Anu (meaning an atom). It is interesting to notethat the concept of Atom had already been established in the Tamil countrytwo thousand years ago!

Kural- statistics

Tirukkural is a workof 1330 couplets each of which conforms to the structure of 'Kural Venba',a grammatical construction with two lines offour and three words respectively.The work is arranged in 133 Adhikarams, each with 10 couplets. The 133Adhikarams are divided into three major groups known as 'Aram', 'Porul'and 'Inbam'. Aram represents Virtue, Porul defines the principles of Lifefor common people as well as the State.The last section deals withaspects of Love. The overall organization of Tirukkural is as follows,based on seven ideals prescribed for people followed by observations onLove.

40 couplets on God, Rain,Virtue and Ascetics.
200 couplets on DomesticVirtue
140 couplets on Higher Virtuebased on Grace
250 couplets on Royalty
100 couplets on Ministersof State
220 couplets on the Essentialrequirements of Administration
130 couples on Morality,both positive and negative
250 couplets on Human Loveand Passion

Listof Adhikarams

The list provides the titles of the 133 Adhikarams (in Tamil script).

Inpraise of Kural

Today, one also reads an appendix to thework where great men had praised the author. This appendix is known as'Tiruvalluva Malai' or the 'Garland of Valluvar'. It has fiftythree versesfrom fiftythree different poets spanning several centuries. This appendixis a goldmine of information about Tirukkural. ThiruvalluvaMalai is presented in an independent page with the text in the Tamilscript.

Thirukkural

Topics in Sangam literature
Sangam literature
Akattiyam	Tolkāppiyam
Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku
Eṭṭuttokai
Aiṅkurunūṟu	Akanaṉūṟu
Puṟanāṉūṟu	Kalittokai
Kuṟuntokai	Naṟṟiṇai
Paripāṭal	Patiṟṟuppattu
Pattuppāṭṭu
Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai	Kuṟiñcippāṭṭu
Malaipaṭukaṭām	Maturaikkāñci
Mullaippāṭṭu	Neṭunalvāṭai
Paṭṭiṉappālai	Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
Poruṇarāṟṟuppaṭai	Ciṟupāṇāṟṟuppaṭai
Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku
Nālaṭiyār	Nāṉmaṇikkaṭikai
Iṉṉā Nāṟpatu	Iṉiyavai Nāṟpatu
Kār Nāṟpatu	Kaḷavaḻi Nāṟpatu
Aintiṇai Aimpatu	Tiṉaimoḻi Aimpatu
Aintinai Eḻupatu	Tiṉaimalai Nūṟṟu Aimpatu
Tirukkuṛaḷ	Tirikaṭukam
Ācārakkōvai	Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu
Ciṟupañcamūlam	Mutumoḻikkānci
Elāti	Kainnilai
Tamil people
Sangam	Sangam landscape
Tamil history from Sangam literature	Tamil literature
Ancient Tamil music	Sangam society
edit

Tirukkuṟaḷ (Tamil: திருக்குறள் also known as the Kural), sometimes spelt 'Thirukkural, is a classic of couplets or Kurals (1330 rhyming Tamil couplets) or aphorisms.^[1]^[2] It was authored by Thiruvalluvar, a poet who is said to have lived anytime between 2nd century BCE and 5th century CE.^[3]

Thiruvalluva Malai Pdf